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Vertebral column. Left lateral view.
Regions of the spine.
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Normal anatomical position of the spine. Left lateral view.
Line of gravity.
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Bones of the vertebral column
Posterior view.
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Structural elements of a vertebra.
Left posterosuperior view.
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Cervical spine. Left lateral view.
Bones of the cervical spine.
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Thoracic spine.
Left lateral view.
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Lumbar spine.
Left lateral view.
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Sacrum and coccyx
Anterior view.
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Craniovertebral joints
Atlas and axis, posterosuperior view.
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Anterior longitudinal ligament.
Anterior view with base of skull removed.
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Ligaments of the vertebral column: Thoracolumbar junction.
Left lateral view of T11-L3, with T11-T12 sectioned in the midsagittal plane.
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Vertebral column. Left lateral view.
Bony vertebral column.
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Normal anatomical position of the spine. Left lateral view.
Midsagittal section through an adult male.
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Bones of the vertebral column
Anterior view.
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Palpable spinous processes as landmarks.
Posterior view.
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Typical vertebrae. Superior view.
Cervical vertebra (C4).
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Typical vertebrae. Superior view.
Lumbar vertebra (L4).
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Cervical Vertebrae: Atlas (C1)
Superior view.
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Cervical Vertebrae: Axis (C2)
Left lateral view.
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Typical thoracic vertebra (T6)
Left lateral view.
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Typical thoracic vertebra (T6)
Superior view.
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Sacrum and coccyx
Posterior view.
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Ligaments of the cervical spine
Midsagittal section, left lateral view.
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Ligaments of the cervical spine
Midsagittal T2-weighted MRI, left lateral view.
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Ligamentum flavum and intertransverse ligament.
Anterior view of opened vertebral canal at level of L2-L5.
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Posterior longitudinal ligament.
Posterior view of opened vertebral canal at level of L2-L5.
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Joints of the vertebral column
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Vertebral ligaments
Viewed obliquely from the left posterior view
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Spine
Sagittal Section
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Radiograph of the Spine
Anterior-Posterior View of the Cervical Spine
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Radiograph of the Spine
Lateral View of the Cervical Spine
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Spine
Cervical Spine, Sagittal Section
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Radiograph of the Spine
Anterior-Posterior View of the Thoracic Spine
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Spine
Thoracic Spine, Sagittal Section
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Radiograph of the Spine
Anterior-Posterior View of the Lumbar Spine
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Radiograph of the Spine
Lateral View of the Lumbar Spine
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Spine
Lumbar Spine, Sagittal Section
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Radiograph of the Spine
Anterior-Posterior View of the Sacrum
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MRI of the Thorax
Sagittal Section 1
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MRI of the Thorax
Sagittal Section 2
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Typical vertebrae. Superior view.
Thoracic vertebra (T6).
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Typical vertebrae. Superior view.
Sacrum.
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Cervical Vertebrae: Atlas (C1)
Left lateral view.
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Cervical Vertebrae: Atlas (C1)
Anterior view.
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Cervical Vertebrae: Axis (C2)
Anterior view.
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Axis (C2)
Cervical Vertebrae: Superior view.
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Typical cervical vertebra (C4)
Left lateral view.
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Typical cervical vertebra (C4)
Anterior view.
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Typical cervical vertebra (C4)
Superior view.
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Typical thoracic vertebra (T6)
Anterior view.
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Typical lumbar vertebra (L4)
Left lateral view.
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Typical lumbar vertebra (L4)
Anterior view.
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Typical lumbar vertebra (L4)
Superior view.
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Sacrum and coccyx
Left lateral view.
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Sacrum. Superior view.
Base of sacrum.
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Sacrum. Superior view.
Transverse section through second sacral vertebra demonstrating anterior and posterior sacral foramina.
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Intervertebral disk in the vertebral column.
Sagittal section of T11-T12, left lateral view.
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Structure of intervertebral disk.
Anterosuperior view with the anterior half of the disk and the right half of the end plate removed.
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Relation of intervertebral disk to vertebral canal.
Fourth lumbar vertebra, superior view.
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Outer zone of the anulus fibrosus.
Anterior view of L3-L4 with intervertebral disk.
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Zygapophyseal (intervertebral facet) joints.
Cervical region, left lateral view.
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Zygapophyseal (intervertebral facet) joints.
Thoracic region, left lateral view.
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Zygapophyseal (intervertebral facet) joints.
Lumbar region, posterior view.
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Uncovertebral joints.
Uncovertebral joints in the cervical spine of an 18-year-old man, anterior view.
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Uncovertebral joints.
Uncovertebral joint (enlarged), anterior view of coronal section.
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Uncovertebral joints.
Split intervertebral disk, anterior view of coronal section.
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Craniovertebral joints
Posterior view.
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Dissection of the craniovertebral joint ligaments. Posterior view.
Nuchal ligament and posterior atlantooccipital membrane.
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Dissection of the craniovertebral joint ligaments. Posterior view.
Posterior longitudinal ligament.
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Dissection of the craniovertebral joint ligaments. Posterior view.
Cruciform ligament of atlas.
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Dissection of the craniovertebral joint ligaments. Posterior view.
Alar and apical ligaments.
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Ligaments of the craniovertebral joints
Ligaments of the median atlantoaxial joint, superior view.
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Ligaments of the craniovertebral joints
Posterosuperior view.
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Posterior longitudinal ligament.
Posterior view.
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Anterior longitudinal ligament.
Anterior view of L3-L5.
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Clinical: Spinal development
Kyphotic spine of the newborn
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Clinical: Spinal development
Transitional phase
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Clinical: Spinal development
Adult spinal column
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Clinical: Disk herniation in the lumbar spine
Posterior herniation. Superior view.
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Clinical: Disk herniation in the lumbar spine
Posterior herniation. Midsagittal T2-weighted MRI (magnetic resonance image).
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Clinical: Disk herniation in the lumbar spine
Posterolateral herniation. Superior view.
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Clinical: Disk herniation in the lumbar spine
Posterolateral herniation. Posterior view, vertebral arches removed.
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Clinical: Proximity of spinal nerve and vertebral artery to the uncinate process
Cervical spine, anterior view.
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Clinical: Proximity of spinal nerve and vertebral artery to the uncinate process
Fourth cervical vertebra, superior view.
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